Flu-like Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms or illness describes a range of symptoms similar to the flu (influenza), but it may not always be caused by the flu virus itself. These symptoms can include fever, chills, sore throat, fatigue, body aches, and a cough. It’s important to understand that flu-like illness can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, common colds, or other medical conditions.

Common Symptoms of Flu-like Illness

Flu-like symptoms or illness usually comes on suddenly, and the symptoms can vary in severity. Common symptoms include:

• Fever: A high temperature is one of the main signs of flu-like illness.
• Chills and Sweating: You may feel cold or shivery, and then break into a sweat.
• Body Aches: General muscle pain and headaches are often present.
• Fatigue: Feeling extremely tired and weak is common.
• Sore Throat: A scratchy or painful throat can occur with flu-like illnesses.
• Cough: A dry or productive cough may develop.
• Runny or Stuffy Nose: Nasal congestion can accompany the illness.
• Loss of Appetite: You may not feel like eating.
• Nausea or Vomiting: Some people, particularly children, may experience digestive symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

These symptoms can be caused by a variety of conditions, not just the flu, such as colds, COVID-19, or other viral infections.

Causes of Flu-like Illness

1. Flu (Influenza): The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It tends to occur in the winter months and can range from mild to severe. The flu is characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, and muscle aches.
2. Common Cold: A viral infection of the upper respiratory system, the common cold, can cause symptoms similar to the flu, such as a sore throat, nasal congestion, and mild body aches, but usually without the fever or chills associated with the flu.
3. COVID-19: This disease, caused by the coronavirus, shares many symptoms with flu-like illnesses, including fever, sore throat, cough, and fatigue. Testing is required to confirm COVID-19.
4. Other Viral Infections: Many other viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), can cause flu-like symptoms. These may also affect the lungs, leading to breathing problems, especially in young children or the elderly.
5. Bacterial Infections: In some cases, bacterial infections like strep throat or pneumonia can cause flu-like symptoms, but these typically require antibiotics for treatment.
6. Other Health Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, can also cause symptoms similar to the flu. Additionally, stress, overexertion, or changes in the weather can trigger flu-like feelings.

NHS Guidance on Flu-like Symptoms

The NHS in Scotland has produced a very helpful Self-Help Guide to flu-like illness which helps to identify when symptoms are less serious and can be managed at home, and when medical advice might be needed.

Pharmacy Advice & Help for Flu-like Illness

Most flu-like illnesses are caused by viruses, so antibiotics are not effective in treating them. However, there are several ways to manage symptoms and feel better while your body recovers.

1. Rest: Getting plenty of rest is essential when dealing with flu-like symptoms. Allow your body to recover by catching up on sleep and taking it easy.
2. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, herbal teas, or soups. Staying hydrated helps your body fight off the infection and prevents dehydration, especially if you have a fever or are sweating a lot.
3. Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: Medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen can help reduce fever, ease body aches, and relieve headaches. Follow the recommended dosage and seek pharmacy advice if you’re unsure which medicine is best for you.
4. Sore Throat Relief: For a sore throat, gargling with warm salt water or sucking on medicated throat lozenges can provide temporary relief. Drinking warm liquids, like tea with honey, may also soothe the throat. Chlorhexidine (Corsodyl) is an effective medicated mouthwash which often helps.
5. Decongestants or Nasal Sprays: If you have a stuffy nose, then decongestants or saline nasal sprays can help clear your nasal passages. Be careful with decongestant sprays, as they should not be used for more than three days.
6. Cough Remedies: For an irritating cough, you can try a cough syrup or lozenges, which may help ease irritation in your throat. Honey and lemon in warm water can also be soothing for a cough. Ask a pharmacist to advise you which might be best for your type of cough.
7. Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking and alcohol can make symptoms worse and slow down recovery. It’s best to avoid them while you are unwell.
8. Vitamin C and Zinc: Some people find that taking vitamin C or zinc supplements can help reduce the severity or duration of flu-like illness, though the evidence for their effectiveness is mixed.
9. Monitor Symptoms: If your symptoms worsen or you develop trouble breathing, chest pain, or confusion, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately. These could be signs of a more serious condition.

When to See a Doctor

Although most flu-like illnesses improve with rest and self-care, there are situations where you should contact a healthcare provider:

• If symptoms last longer than a week or worsen after a few days.
• If you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or extreme tiredness or fatigue.
• If you have a high temperature of fever that doesn’t go down with medication.
• If you are in a high-risk group, such as being very young, elderly, or pregnant
• If you have a long-term medial condition like asthma, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, etc.
• If you have other symptoms like a rash or persistent vomiting.

In some cases, doctors may prescribe antiviral medications if they diagnose the flu early in the course of the illness. These medications can shorten the duration of the flu, but they must be taken within the first 48 hours of symptoms starting.

Preventing Flu-like Illness

To reduce the risk of getting a flu-like illness, follow these tips:

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, or use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing.
• Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
• Get the flu vaccine annually, as this can reduce your chances of catching the flu.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle by eating nutritious foods, getting regular exercise, and getting enough sleep.

Summary

Flu-like illness is common and usually gets better with home treatments. However, if you experience severe symptoms or if symptoms last longer than expected, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for advice.