Headaches are a common problem that can affect people of all ages. They vary in intensity and duration, with some being mild and short-lived while others can be severe and last for hours or even days. Most headaches are not serious and can be treated at home, but some may require medical attention.
Types of Headaches and Their Causes
There are several types of headaches, each with different causes:
1. Tension Headaches
- The most common type of headache.
- Feels like a tight band around the head with dull, aching pain.
- Often caused by stress, lack of sleep, dehydration, or poor posture.
2. Migraines
- More severe than regular headaches, often causing throbbing pain on one side of the head.
- Can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
- Some people experience an “aura” (flashing lights or blind spots) before a migraine starts.
3. Cluster Headaches
- Intense pain around one eye, often occurring in cycles (clusters) over weeks or months.
- Less common but very painful.
- Can be triggered by changes in sleep patterns or alcohol consumption.
4. Sinus Headaches
- Caused by blocked sinuses due to colds or allergies.
- Pain is usually felt in the forehead, cheeks, and around the nose.
5. Medication Overuse Headaches
- Caused by taking painkillers too often.
- Stopping painkillers for a period of time may help reduce these headaches.
Seek further NHS Advice if you think any of the above types of headache applies to you. eg search “NHS Advice Cluster Headaches“
How to Treat Headaches
Most headaches can be managed with simple treatments:
1. Rest and Relaxation
- Taking a break from screens and bright lights can help.
- Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or stretching may reduce tension headaches.
2. Pain Relief Medication
- Over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can relieve most headaches.
- Avoid taking painkillers too frequently, as this may cause medication overuse (rebound) headaches.
3. Hydration and Diet
- Drink plenty of water – dehydration can cause headaches.
- Avoid skipping meals – low blood sugar can trigger headaches.
- Limit caffeine and alcohol, as they can make headaches worse.
4. Use Heat or Cold Therapy
- A cold compress on the forehead can help with migraines.
- A warm compress on the neck or shoulders may relieve tension headaches.
5. Improve Sleep and Posture
- Get enough sleep and try to maintain a regular sleep schedule.
- Sit properly when using computers or phones to avoid neck strain.
Managing Chronic Headaches and Migraines
If headaches occur frequently, making lifestyle changes can help:
- Identify Triggers – Keeping a headache diary can help track what causes headaches and avoid them.
- Exercise Regularly – Activities like walking or yoga can help reduce stress and prevent headaches.
- Manage Stress – Relaxation techniques like meditation or deep breathing can help.
For chronic migraines, doctors may prescribe medications such as triptans or recommend preventative treatments.
Help at the Pharmacy
Discuss your headache symptoms with a pharmacist who will advise and provide further information, including if you should see a doctor.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical advice if:
- Headaches occur very frequently or severely.
- You experience sudden, severe pain unlike any previous headache.
- Headaches are accompanied by vision changes, weakness, confusion, or a stiff neck.
- Headaches get worse over time or do not respond to painkillers.
- You develop headaches after a head injury.
Summary
Most headaches can be treated at home with rest, hydration, and pain relief medication. Identifying triggers and making lifestyle changes can help prevent them. If headaches are severe or persistent, a doctor should be consulted.