A migraine is a severe headache that can cause throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. It can last for a few hours or even days. Some people also feel sick, become sensitive to light and sound, or see flashing lights before a migraine begins. Migraines can be very painful and affect daily life, but they can be managed with the right treatment and lifestyle changes.
NHS Information
The NHS in Scotland has created a helpful Migraine Information resource which is useful because the experience of migraine sufferers can be different, and so it is worthwhile for sufferers to read up on the subject.
Symptoms of Migraine
Migraines often happen in stages:
- Prodrome (Warning Signs) – Some people feel tired, irritable, or have food cravings a few hours or days before a migraine starts.
- Aura (Not in All Cases) – Some people see flashing lights, have blurry vision, or feel tingling in their hands or face.
- Headache Stage – The main migraine ‘attack’ can last from 4 to 72 hours. It causes intense, debilitating, throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head, and can include nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
- Postdrome (Recovery Stage) – After the headache, people may feel tired or confused for a day.
Common Triggers of Migraine
Migraines can be caused by different triggers, which vary from person to person. Some common triggers include:
- Stress – Feeling anxious or overworked can bring on a migraine.
- Hormonal Changes – Some women get migraines around their period or due to hormonal birth control.
- Dietary Factors – Certain foods, such as chocolate, cheese, processed meats, caffeine, or alcohol, may trigger migraines.
- Sleep Problems – Too much or too little sleep can lead to migraines.
- Bright Lights and Loud Noises – These can trigger migraines in some people.
- Weather Changes – Sudden changes in temperature or air pressure can be a trigger.
Keeping a migraine diary can help track what triggers migraines and make it easier to avoid them.
Help at the Pharmacy for Migraines
There is no cure for migraines, but treatment and advice can help reduce symptoms.
1. Pain Relief Medications
- Paracetamol or Ibuprofen – Taking these early can help ease the pain.
- Aspirin – Can also work, but should not be used by children under 16.
- Triptans – A prescription medication that helps stop migraines by narrowing blood vessels in the brain.
2. Anti-Sickness Medication
- Some people need anti-nausea (antiemetic) drugs to help with sickness.
3. Resting in a Dark, Quiet Room
- Lying down in a calm environment can help reduce symptoms.
4. Cooling or Heating Therapy
- Using a cold or warm compress on the head or neck can relieve pain.
Managing Migraines with Lifestyle Changes
Making simple changes can help prevent migraines:
- Stay Hydrated – Drink enough water every day.
- Eat Regular Meals – Skipping meals can trigger migraines.
- Get Enough Sleep – Have a regular sleep schedule.
- Exercise Regularly – Activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can help reduce stress and improve overall health.
- Manage Stress – Relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation can help prevent migraines.
- Avoid Known Triggers – If certain foods, smells, or activities cause migraines, try to avoid them.
Medical Treatment for Severe Migraines
If migraines are frequent or severe, a doctor may recommend:
- Preventative Medications – Such as beta-blockers or anti-seizure drugs, which help reduce the number of migraines.
- Botox Injections – Can be used for people with chronic migraines.
- CGRP Inhibitors – A newer treatment that blocks a protein linked to migraines.
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor if:
- You have frequent migraines that interfere with daily life.
- Over-the-counter painkillers do not work.
- You get migraines with aura and have other symptoms like weakness or speech problems.
- You have a sudden, severe headache that feels different from your usual migraines.
Summary
Migraines can be painful and disruptive, but they can be managed with medication, lifestyle changes, and avoiding triggers. If migraines are severe or frequent, seeking medical help is important.