Teething is a natural process where an infant’s first teeth, known as milk teeth or primary teeth, emerge through the gums. This developmental milestone typically begins around six months of age, although the timing can vary among infants.
Signs and Symptoms of Teething
While some babies experience teething with minimal problems, others may exhibit various signs of discomfort, including:
- Sore and Red Gums: The area where the tooth is emerging may appear swollen and red.
- Flushed Cheek: One cheek may appear more flushed than the other.
- Increased Drooling: Excessive saliva production is common during teething.
- Chewing and Gnawing: Babies may chew on toys, fingers, or other objects to alleviate gum discomfort.
- Irritability: Increased fussiness or restlessness can occur due to gum pain.
- Disturbed Sleep: Teething discomfort might lead to disrupted sleeping patterns.
Some people believe teething causes symptoms like diarrhoea or high fever, but there is no scientific evidence supporting this. If an infant has any of these symptoms, it would be advisable to see a healthcare professional to rule out other possible causes.
Typical Teething Timeline
The general order of tooth emergence is as follows:
- Bottom Incisors (Central Bottom Teeth): Usually emerge between 5 to 7 months.
- Top Incisors (Central Top Teeth): Typically appear between 6 to 8 months.
- Top Lateral Incisors (Side Top Teeth): Emerge around 9 to 11 months.
- Bottom Lateral Incisors (Side Bottom Teeth): Come through between 10 to 12 months.
- First Molars (Back Teeth): Appear between 12 to 16 months.
- Canines (Pointed Teeth between Incisors and Molars): Emerge around 16 to 20 months.
- Second Molars: Typically come through between 20 to 30 months.
NHS Information on Teething
There is a lot of NHS Information on Teething which can be very helpful when caring for an infant experiencing the discomfort of teething.
Help and Advice from the Pharmacy
To alleviate teething discomfort, parents and caregivers can consider the following strategies:
- Teething Rings: Providing a clean, safe object for babies to chew on can soothe sore gums. Some teething rings can be cooled in the refrigerator (not freezer) to provide additional relief.
- Chewing Aids: For infants over six months, offering healthy options like chilled fruits or vegetables (e.g., cucumber or banana) can be beneficial. Always supervise to prevent choking.
- Gum Massage: Gently rubbing the baby’s gums with a clean finger can provide temporary relief.
- Pain Relief Medication: If the baby is particularly uncomfortable, sugar-free painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can be administered to infants over three months old. Always follow the recommended dosage and speak to a pharmacist or GP if you are uncertain.
- Teething Gels: Some parents choose teething gels containing mild local anaesthetics for pain relief. Ensure any gel used is specifically designed for infants and consult with a pharmacist before using them.
Oral Care During Teething
Establishing good oral hygiene practices early is crucial:
- Brushing: Begin brushing the baby’s teeth as soon as they emerge using a baby toothbrush and a smear of fluoride toothpaste. For children aged three to six, a pea-sized amount is appropriate. Brush at least twice daily, especially before bedtime.
- Dental Visits: Register the child with a dentist after their first tooth appears or by their first birthday. Regular dental check-ups promote healthy dental development.
- Dietary Considerations: Limit sugary foods and drinks to reduce the risk of tooth decay. Encourage healthy snacks and avoid prolonged exposure to sugary substances.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While teething is a natural process, consult a healthcare professional if:
- The baby exhibits symptoms possibly unrelated to teething, such as a high fever or diarrhoea.
- You have any concerns about the baby’s health or teething process.
In such cases, contacting a GP, health visitor, or NHS 111 can provide guidance and reassurance.
Conclusion
Teething is a significant developmental stage that can cause discomfort for infants. By recognizing the signs and implementing appropriate soothing techniques, caregivers can help ease this transition. Maintaining early oral hygiene practices and regular dental visits further ensure the foundation for a lifetime of healthy teeth.