Threadworms, also known as pinworms, are tiny parasitic worms that infect the human intestines, particularly common among children under 10. They are white, measuring about 2 to 13 millimetres in length, resembling small pieces of thread.
Symptoms:
- Itching: Severe itching around the anus or vagina, especially at night, caused by female worms laying eggs in these areas.
- Sleep Disturbances: The itching can lead to irritability and waking up during the night.
- Visible Worms: You might see the worms in your poo or around the anus; they look like small, white threads.
- Other Symptoms: Less commonly, threadworms can cause weight loss, bedwetting, or irritated skin around the anus.
Transmission:
Threadworms spread when their eggs are swallowed. The cycle typically involves:
- Egg Laying: Female worms lay eggs around the anus, usually at night, causing itching.
- Scratching: Scratching the itchy area transfers eggs to fingers and under fingernails.
- Contamination: Eggs are transferred to surfaces like bedding, clothing, toys, or directly to another person through touch.
- Ingestion: Eggs from contaminated surfaces or fingers are ingested, leading to new infections.
Threadworm eggs can survive outside the body for up to two weeks, making hygiene crucial in preventing their spread.
NHS Information on Threadworms
NHS Wales has produced really comprehensive Information on Threadworms
Help at the Pharmacy
Effective treatment involves medication and strict hygiene measures:
- Medication: Mebendazole is the primary treatment for threadworm infections. It’s available over the counter as a chewable tablet or liquid. A single dose is usually effective, but a second dose after two weeks may be recommended to prevent reinfection. All household members over two years old should be treated simultaneously, even if they don’t show symptoms.
- Hygiene Measures: Since medication kills the worms but not their eggs, it’s essential to follow strict hygiene practices for at least two weeks to prevent reinfection:
- Handwashing: Wash hands and scrub under fingernails regularly, especially before eating, after using the toilet, or changing nappies.
- Morning Bathing: Shower every morning to remove eggs laid overnight.
- Nail Care: Keep fingernails short to reduce the risk of eggs accumulating under them.
- Laundry: Wash sleepwear, sheets, towels, and soft toys at a hot temperature daily for several days after treatment.
- Cleaning: Disinfect kitchen and bathroom surfaces using hot water, vacuum carpets, and dust with a damp cloth to remove any eggs.
- Clothing: Ensure everyone in the household wears underwear at night and changes it in the morning to prevent the spread of eggs.
Considerations for Specific Groups:
- Children Under Two Years: Consult a pharmacist or GP before administering treatment, as some medications may not be suitable for young children.
- Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women: Seek medical advice before taking any medication. Hygiene measures alone may be recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Should I keep the Children off School?
There’s no need to stay off nursery, school, or work if you or your child has threadworms. However, maintaining strict hygiene measures is vital to prevent spreading the infection to others.
Prevention:
To reduce the risk of threadworm infections:
- Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash hands with soap and warm water, especially before eating and after using the toilet.
- Nail Care: Keep fingernails short and discourage nail-biting or finger-sucking habits.
- Personal Items: Avoid sharing towels or flannels to prevent the spread of eggs.
Summary
By adhering to these guidelines, threadworm infections can be effectively treated and the risk of reinfection minimised.